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''Tifon'' ((ロシア語:Тифон)) was an monitor built for the Imperial Russian Navy in the mid-1860s. The design was based on the American , but was modified to suit Russian engines, guns and construction techniques. Spending her entire career with the Baltic Fleet, the ship was only active when the Gulf of Finland was not frozen, but very little is known about her service. She was struck from the Navy List in 1900, converted into a storage hulk for mines in 1909 and renamed ''Blokshiv No. 3''. The ship was bandoned by the Soviets in Finland in 1918; although retroceded to the Soviets in 1922, she was later scrapped by the Finns. ==Description== While the ''Uragan''s were extensively modified by the Russians, they did retain the single twin-gun turret and low freeboard of the original ''Passaic''-class design. ''Tifon'' was long overall, with a beam of and a draft of . She displaced , and her crew numbered 8 officers and 88 enlisted men in 1865. They numbered 10 officers and 100 crewmen in 1877.〔McLaughlin, p. 103〕 The ship was fitted with a two-cylinder, horizontal direct-acting steam engine〔 built by the Baird Works of Saint Petersburg. It drove a single propeller〔McLaughlin 2012, pp. 106–07〕 using steam that was provided by two rectangular boilers.〔Chesneau & Kolesnik, p. 175〕 Specific information on the output of the ship's engine has not survived, but it ranged between for all the ships of this class. During ''Tifon''s sea trials on 19 June 1865, she reached a maximum speed of . The ship carried a maximum of of coal, which gave her a theoretical endurance of at full speed.〔McLaughlin, p. 107〕 ''Tifon'' was designed to be armed with a pair of smoothbore muzzle-loading guns purchased from Krupp of Germany and rifled in Russia, but the rifling project was seriously delayed and the ship was completed with the Krupp smoothbore guns. These lacked the penetration power necessary to deal with ironclads and they were replaced by license-built smoothbore muzzle-loading Rodman guns in 1867–68. The Rodmans were replaced around 1876 with the originally intended nine-inch rifled guns.〔McLaughlin, pp. 104–05〕 All of the wrought-iron armor that was used in the ''Uragan''-class monitors was in plates, just as in the ''Passaic''-class ships. The side of the ship was entirely covered with three to five layers of armor plates, of which the three innermost plates extended below the waterline. The gun turret was protected by eleven layers of armor and the pilothouse above it had eight layers of armor. Curved plates six layers thick protected the base of the funnel up to a height of above the deck. Unlike their predecessors, the ''Uragan''s were built without deck armor to save weight, but ''Tifon'' was modified for the addition of armor plates after completion, although it is unknown if they were ever fitted. They were, however, manufactured and then placed in storage.〔McLaughlin, pp. 105–06〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Russian monitor Tifon」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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